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www.sea-technology.com March 2016 / st 21 was calculated following the SWAT user manual. Five different classes of slope were defned: class one (0 to 10 percent), class two (10 to 20 percent), class 3 (20 to 30 percent), class four (30 to 50 percent), and class fve (50 percent and higher). Rainfall and temperature data were provided by the regional gov- ernment of Andalusia. The location of the weather stations has been pre- viously studied in order to get the best data. The regional government of Andalusia operates with automat- ic stations. Four stations were cho- sen, covering the whole watershed for 2005 to 2014. These agroclimatic stations are constituted by ensemble devices to carry out different meteo- rological measurements (i.e., rain- fall, temperature, air humidity, and wind velocity and direction). Estima- tions of the weather conditions of the area can be done using the data from these stations. Flow measurements were ob- tained from the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment (MAGRAMA). Monthly averaged fow rates of the Guadalquivir River were analyzed from the Automatic Hydro- logical Information System for the 2005 to 2014 period. The station lo- cated at the Alcala del Rio dam was chosen for the historical fow data, since it is the nearest station to the river. The base fow, using the ob- served fow, was calculated using the B-Flow program, including the base fow alpha factor and the runoff/base fow fraction required in the .gw fles. The river fow data set from Spanish institutions was also used to calibrate and validate the SWAT model in the watershed. Calibration and Validation Automatic calibration was per- formed for this study. The program SWAT-CUP and the SuFi method was used running 4,500 simulations in or- der to optimize the parameter values, with a warm-up period from 2001 to 2004 and a simulation period from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2007. The observed and calculated river fows at Alcala del Rio were compared. A good correlation be- tween the simulated and the observed data was obtained during this calibra- tion process. The validation was done using a warm-up period from 2005 to 2010 and a simulated period from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2014, ob- taining a better correlation between the simulated and the observed data than in the calibration. Conclusion After the model calibration and validation, which resulted in good correlation between simulated and observed data, it can be concluded that the SWAT model is an adequate tool to calculate the Guadalquivir River fow, which helps assess man- agement practices for use in agro-in- dustry and mitigation of food risk and hazards. Despite the Guadalquivir River being full of dams, the fow is highly regulated by the rain. The dams are up in the winter to try to keep the natu- ral river fow while there is a higher level of precipitation, and they are fully opened in the summer to avoid low water levels in the paddy felds that are located close to the mouth of the river. Acknowledgments We would like to thank the re- gional Andalusia government (P11- RNM-7722 project) and the Span- ish government (MEGAN project CTM2013-49048-C2-2-R) for the eco- nomic support of this work. Also, spe- cial thanks to Dr. Miguel Bruno, Dr. Gabriel Navarro, Dr. Jesús Gómez-En- ri, Dr. Rafael Mañanes Salinas and Dr. Carlos José González Mejías for their support and help. References For a list of references, contact Juan Jesús Gomiz-Pascual at juanje sus.gomiz@uca.es. ST Juan Jesús Gomiz-Pascual is a Ph.D. student special- izing in numerical mod- eling and operational oceanography. He has a bachelor's in marine science from the Univer- sity of Cádiz, Spain and a master's in oceanology. Marina Bolado-Penagos is a marine science grad- uate student and is carry- ing on her Ph.D. work at the University of Cádiz, Spain with support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competi- tiveness. Her research focuses on the processes connecting the Gulf of Cadiz and the Alborán Sea in the south of Spain. Dr. Águeda Vázquez is an associate professor at the senior school of engi- neering at the University of Cádiz, Spain, where she received a Ph.D. in physical oceanography. Her research interests in- volve physical dynamics and internal waves in the Strait of Gibraltar. Passive acoustic recorders info@rtsys.eu User-friendly embedded web interface Compatible with your hydrophones Adaptable storage capacity and battery life 1 to 4 synchronized hydrophones Autonomous and remote modes Visit us stand #L550