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The migration patterns of bats are not well-defned. Bat migration over the open ocean has been documented, but information on species found along the Mid-Atlantic region and the associated migration routes is limited. Avian and bat acoustic listening devices can be mounted on metocean buoy systems to collect data for biologists to analyze and determine the level of activity of various species fying and living within a specifc WEA. Conclusion Metocean research and biological studies are critical to move forward with offshore wind energy and to fll gaps in knowledge, prioritize risks based on analysis of uncertainties and potential impacts, and assist in the responsible siting and installation of wind turbines within U.S. state and federal waters. Engaging the offshore oil and gas community along with the European offshore renewable energy industry can assist in the beginning design phase of U.S. project planning. This also contributes to setting codes, permitting processes, standard practices and methodologies for the safe and successful implementation of U.S. WEAs. Acknowledgments RDSEA International Inc. (St. Pete Beach, Florida) would like to thank the following for contributing information and input to this writing: KRK Consultants Ltd. (San Diego, California), AXYS Technologies Inc. (Sydney, Canada), WEST Inc. (Cheyenne, Wyoming), Loggerhead Instruments (Sarasota, Florida), Advanced Oceanics (St. Petersburg, Florida), Down East Instrumentation (Cary, North Carolina), R.H. Weisberg of the University of South Florida���s Ocean Circulation Group, Weidong Yu of China���s First Institute of Oceanography and BOEM���s Offce of Renewable Energy Programs. n Rick Cole has been making in-situ physical oceanographic measurements since his career began in 1978 at Florida Institute of Technology, where he earned his bachelor���s in oceanography and marine technology. Formerly with the University of South Florida and NOAA, he is now president of RDSEA International Inc. www.sea-technology.com FEBRUARY 2013 / st 29