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1969 1969 1969 Four U.S. Interior Department aquanauts conducted a 60-day marine science and behavioral mission 50 feet below the surface at St. John Island as part of Operation Tektite I. The underwater habitat they stayed in consisted of two interconnected vertical cylinders 18.1 feet high and 12 feet in diameter mounted on a base structure. Direct observations supporting the seafoor spreading hypothesis were reported by Dr. A. E. Maxwell of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution after an expedition on the JOIDES Glomar Challenger between Dakar and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (Photo Credit: U.S. government) 1969 1969 197 197 Neil Armstrong became the ��rst person to walk on the moon on July 20. (Photo Credit: NASA) ��� Allyn C. Vine- Compass Distinguished Achievement Award Recipient ��� Varian Associates - Compass Industrial Award Recipient The U.S. Department of Commerce established NOAA in October. Deep submersibles in the U.S. were receiving very little support, even though the industry had begun building them in earnest a few years ago. The $3 million budget for submersibles was stricken from the U.S. Navy���s fscal 1970 budget. General Dynamics and Westinghouse had recently laid up their vehicles. The oceanographic community made no efort at the time to rally behind submersibles, fearing they would jeopardize other, more lucrative government business opportunities. 197 197 The U.S. Environmental Science Services Administration used an echosounder to confrm Sir James Clark Ross��� recording of the ��rst deep-sea sounding in January 1840 while en route to the Antarctic. Using a hemp line (as shown in the illustration), Ross reported 2,425 fathoms. The echosounder found 2,100 fathoms at this spot, and 2,400 fathoms 3.5 miles away. (Photo Credit: NOAA) Dr. Sylvia Earle (pictured) led an all-female research expedition, Tektite II, which had the frst missions that undertook in-depth ecological studies. She and four other women shared the small underwater structure called the Tektite habitat for two weeks. (Photo Credit: NOAA National Undersea Research Program) John Tuzo Wilson published a brief history of tectonic revolution geology in Scientifc American, after his earlier work on the theory of plate tectonics, the introduction of hotspots and the recognition of transform boundaries. 197 ��� Willard Bascom - Compass Distinguished Achievement Award Recipient ��� Humble Oil & Re��ning Co. - Compass Industrial Award Recipient