Sea Technology

FEB 2013

The industry's recognized authority for design, engineering and application of equipment and services in the global ocean community

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and bat activity. These measurements are in conjunction with many other required surveys, including coastal habitats, benthic resources, air and water quality, economic conditions and recreational activities. justments are made in post-processing to 10 meters, a metocean standard. Wind turbine hub height is nominally 80 to 100 meters, therefore, further extrapolation of the wind feld aloft must be derived using wind-power assessments when using Wind and Atmosphere Measurements buoys alone. The measurement of wind speed and diRemote Sensing and Simulation. Correction is the most important requirement relation of these approximations can be for estimating energy capture and the cordone using remote sensing and modeling responding electrical output from a given products (numerical simulation), such as model of wind turbine. what NOAA���s National Centers for EnvironMet Towers. Wind speed has a functionmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National al relationship to elevation. Met towers are Environmental Satellite, Data and Informathe most common method of measuring tion Service (NESDIS) provide online. Until winds at height. Usually, a tower or mast recently, buoy systems used conventional stands 50 to 100 meters tall with multiple cup and vane or propeller and vane aneanemometers, temperature and pressure mometers, which produce a frequency and sensors spaced at predetermined levels voltage output proportional to wind speed above ground. Data need to be collected and direction angle. Floating lidar buoy system. (Credit: at a minimum of two levels (more data points AXYS Technologies Inc.) This technology is slowly being replaced are preferred) to determine the structure of by ultrasonic wind sampling, which comand the turbulence and shear in the wind. pares the time a sonic pulse takes to travel from one transOffshore met towers are common in Europe. In the U.S., ducer to another. This involves no moving parts, allowing this method may prove expensive and diffcult to permit due for longer deployment time frames and decreasing system to construction and associated impacts on the marine enmaintenance and calibration costs. vironment. Oceanographic surface buoys can provide exSonic winds are calculated from the differences in time cellent single-point in-situ measurements at the sea surface, of fight along each axis (e.g., north to south versus south to and subsurface sensors can also contribute data. north). Sensor heads must be mated with a compass to proSensors are mounted on buoy towers or masts, with wind duce directional output. Normally incorporated with wind sampling at 3 to 5 meters height off the surface. Data admeasurements is a suite of met sensors for air temperature, OSIL Salinity Measurement ��� The complete solution for high quality salinity data ��� IAPSO Standard Seawater ��� High precision salinometers ��� Operator training courses ��� Salinometer service and repair ��� Worldwide distribution & support T: +44 (0)2392 488240 / E: osil@osil.co.uk / www.osil.co.uk www.sea-technology.com FEBRUARY 2013 / st 23

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